借问宝地，请问桐油的主要用途

bigtree

各位大叔大姐好。我在国外一所大学作博士后，目前在做一个关于桐油分子生物学的课题，但是说实话，我除了懂得一套分子生物学的方法以外，对桐油本身所知甚少。我在资料里看到桐油能用于油漆、墨水，用于集成电路板，还可以用于造船和飞机制造行业，不知道桐油用于飞机制造行业是干什么。有这么多用途，我就不明白了，桐油主要用途是在哪一方面。另外，请问是否只有中国产桐油，是不是大部分要出口？在下不才，各位见笑了。谢谢各位叔叔阿姨大哥大姐。

奔想

这个不是的？桐油不仅我国产别的国家也产？但是不多？

千年桐

[转]中国油桐种植史探略 2008年10月08日 分类：个人日记
* z1 l' ^. _, l  z3 J中国油桐种植史探略 作者：关传友
提要 油桐是 中国 南方地区重要的 经济 树种，栽培 历史 悠久，最早可能源于魏晋六朝时期，唐宋时得到了较大的 发展 ；明代油桐种植已遍及南方各省区，出现了较大规模的种植经营活动；清代形成了许多油桐著名产区和桐油名品。民国时期由于国际对桐油需求量的加大，促进了油桐种植业的大发展，在生产和 研究 方面都取得了较大的成效。 现代 油桐种植进入了黄金 时代 ，油桐种植的规模和产量均超过了历代，油桐丰产技术已得到了广泛推广和 应用 。
  
" s/ \) I7 x" B6 Z5 ?# b  a" Y油桐是特产于中国南方地区的重要木本油料树种，其种子所制的产品——桐油，是称誉于国内外的重要 工业 原料。油桐在中国的栽培历史悠久，群众培植经验丰富。本文对此作一探讨，敬请方家指正。
  v7 ?. u1 ~- w  o' }) D% f一、桐人工种植的源起
中国人工栽培油桐始于何时，难以定论。但它是伴随着人们对桐油的利用而进行人工种植栽培的。根据考古资料和 文献 记载，隋唐时期已开始大量广泛地利用桐油。《文物》1983年第3期载《川杨河古船发掘简报》中说，隋唐古船“外涂桐油”，“缝隙”和“接头”均填“油灰”，而且“铁钉帽亦用油灰封固”；《唐语林?政事》中也有“勘每船板、钉、油、灰多少而给之”的记述，表明隋唐时期桐油已被广泛应用于造船业中。文献中最早记载油桐树的是唐代陈藏器的《本草拾遗》，该书载：“罂子桐，有大毒，压为油，毒鼠立死。摩疥癣、虫疮、毒肿。一名虎子桐，似梧桐生山中。”说明油桐在当时已有了罂子桐、虎子桐两种名称，这可能是生于旷野山中的野生树或零星小片状人工栽培树。
( v4 v% c6 K  p% m到了宋代，官府中的将作监设有“桐油作司”，说明了桐油在当时应用的范围更加广泛，油桐生产的重要性较隋唐时期有了很大提高，以及 社会 对桐油的需求量大为增加。因此，人工大规模培植油桐树业已开始。北宋时安徽铜陵布衣陈翥所撰《桐谱》中载，油桐“实大而圆，一实中或二子，或四子，可以取油为用。今山家多种成林，盖取子以货之也。”[1] 从这一记载中可以看出，当时已有大规模人工种植栽培油桐林，并进行取籽榨油货买的商品生产活动。因此，中国人工植桐的历史不迟于唐代初期，最早可上溯至魏晋六朝时期，因为这时期江南地区出现了大规模的经济开发活动，人工植桐很可能就始于此时期。
宋代文献中还有关于油桐树形态特征的记载，如苏颂《图经本草》说：“南人作油者，乃冈桐也。有子大如梧子。”寇宗奭《本草衍义》中说“荏桐，早春先开淡红花，状如鼓子花，成筒子，可作桐油。”油桐之名除了罂子桐、虎子桐之外，还有冈桐、荏桐之名。宋代桐油出产地有安徽、四川、湖南、湖北、江西等地区，但以四川、湖南为最。《桐谱》中说“蜀桐独为美”。湖南《永顺县志》记载，永顺县在宋初就把桐油作为向宋王朝纳贡的第一宗贡品。[2]
二、明代油桐种植业
明代，由于商品经济发展和社会生活各方面对桐油需求量的日益增多，特别是明王朝大力提倡种植油桐树，促进了油桐经营利用活动的发展。《明史?食货志》载：“洪武时，命种桐、漆、棕，于朝阳门外钟山之阳，总五十余万株。设……桐园百户，二甲军二百四十。……桐树岁得油百五十斤，欲以资工用省民力，而所费几百倍，然太祖为之不惜，意在率民也。至宣德三年，朝阳门所植漆桐棕树之数，乃至二百万有奇。”[3] 由于官府的大力提倡，当时已有较大规模的油桐林的经营，油桐种植业已开始形成。明《遵义府志》载，贵州遵义地区“桐油树，郡无处不有，……十月子熟，去壳去米，曝干，碾末蒸熟，用篾箍棕皮，包之如鼓样，榨取油，灯烛皆资之。”[4] 明《赣州府志》载，江西赣州地区“土性宜茶桐，楚、蜀亦出桐油，而不及赣之胶粘清亮，可入漆也。每岁商贩，不可胜计云。”[5] 清光绪《广德县志》引《明史?水经》说，安徽广德“琳塘杨滩诸处多有桐林，居水取子榨油，疑桐水得名于此。”[6] 李时珍《本草纲目》记载，湖北地区“油桐枝干花叶并类冈桐而小。树长亦迟，花亦微红。但其实大而圆，每实中有二子或四子，大如大风子。……人多种莳，收子货之为油，入漆家及艌船，为所需。”[7] 此外，明弘治、正德、隆庆、嘉靖、万历间的许多地方志，均把桐油作为地方重要的特产予以记载。可以看出，明代油桐种植经营遍及南方长江流域各省区，已具有较大规模的种植业生产经营活动，油桐树成了当地山民谋生之本、衣食之源。
! Q4 O  J' h0 ?' Y" C& t0 l...<还有 7421 字节>

bigtree

谢谢奔想提供的信息，不管怎么样，还是咱们占主导地位。

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live microblogging

10:32 today with the arrests! - 6DD

' A" j1 [  g3 ]& V. W 10:37 microblogging we will all be broadcast immediately, so stay tuned! - 6DD

' k+ y/ W+ |" G* J5 \ 10:47 3dd involved in the operation, give us a report to - from3DD
' x. N- o: B3 A" N5 C' P9 `2 f
10:47 grand scenes, and seized their subsequent actions in - from3DD

10:56 more than 200 police officers within the fourteen of the city selling fake - 0DD
/ h: a8 v( D0 `
- y" d1 e% Y3 q' ^7 D2 K 10:58 200 more than the police gathered.  
5 @! Z; y# r, N) i0 Q. a0 t 10:59 Watch the scene: to enter the crime scene.  
( |2 O/ M6 P0 j" ~  R4 n, C 11:00 - 0DD
5 |! `9 ~9 \7 j; ^
11:20 in a quiet area, but many hidden dens counterfeiting.  
0 e% p* ]% {$ e 11:23 outsmarted actually ran a few, a very cunning criminal. - 6DD
4 X2 \4 Q! z4 _: H( D9 j+ G# u
11:27 victories like 3DD it quite good. - 6DD
# N2 U% [7 q) R8 {7 b+ c; }
11:29 that situation! But the door open! - 6DD

11:31 plainclothes police had broken windows to enter. - 6DD
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9 J1 K; \; H  p/ H2 O+ i1 H 11:37 to the harmful effects of these counterfeit products into the market is not shallow Na.  
: o3 |0 J$ [: H% w2 b# [- H 11:40 in action,nike mercurial vapor, news of success in each group! - 6DD

12:19 seized alcohol, is to focus on truck shipments. - 6DD
) q) N, m* W- R& N/ f0 M7 B) d
three doubts

- C7 b6 n4 u+ p5 N' j; x$ J/ V 1, Why live microblogging?  
for a massive counterfeiting operation, Why live microblogging way to publish to the public? According to Changzhou police, as part of the morning before the users saw the police action the assembly process,adidas predator, the Internet was tracked individual Internet users want the truth, the police then conduct on-site live microblogging way.  
2, microblogging special code do you mean?  
1 H0 l; r1 y( G microblogging live in, many times 6DD and 3DD words, do not know what does it mean. An informed source said,  
# N6 {; ]1 c$ g+ u. f9 U for the results in the end how the crackdown, the police declined media interviews and said specific data is still being further statistics,nike mercurial, the confirmation will be made public.  
3 `2 U6 S. A8 s+ K6 U 3,Mercurial Vapor, live microblogging will not leak?  
6 l( K- U! J. R# T for the live action match-fixing, that someone made such a big action should undoubtedly be kept confidential, and so Some users pointed out that the police would have show the suspect.  
then live through the microblogging will leak it? Changzhou Economic Investigation Detachment of the public security police, said all control their own destiny, the police According to reports, in order to commence such action, the police made full preparations, each other's whereabouts to grasp. In addition, micro-Bo will be some time lag, will not affect the effectiveness of actions. Chang Yan Jiayi Guo Jingyu Economic Investigation

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